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About Alexander Poltorak

Alexander Poltorak was trained as a theoretical physicist in Russia. A physicist and brain researcher, he held academic positions at various colleges and universities serving as an Assistant Professor of Biomathematics at Cornell University Medical College, as an Assistant Professor of Physics at Touro College, as an Adjunct Professor of Physics at the City College of New York. He guest-lectured at Columbia University School of Engineering and Business School. Presently, he is the Founder & President of NeuroLight, Inc. and a Research Fellow at the Institute for Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers. Alex Poltorak authored several books, research papers, and many articles. He blogs about physics, kabbalah and Jewish philosophy.

Four Elements: Four Developmental Stages in the Big Bang Cosmology

Introduction Building upon our interpretation of the four classical elements as developmental stages in the formation of physical reality, we find a remarkable parallel in modern cosmology. The stages of the Big Bang and subsequent inflationary model of the universe can be divided into four distinct periods that correspond to the four letters of the Tetragrammaton, the four classical elements, and the four worlds of Seder Hishtalshelut (“Chain-like Order” [of Created Worlds]). This alignment illustrates the universality of these developmental stages across both spiritual and physical realms. The Four Cosmological Epochs Planck Epoch — Yud (י) — Fire (Aish) This period corresponds to the letter Yud in the Tetragrammaton—the smallest letter in the Hebrew alphabet, essentially a point, symbolizing the initial singularity. It also corresponds to the element of Aish (Fire), representing intense [...]

By |2024-11-28T23:14:55-05:00November 28th, 2024|Uncategorized|0 Comments

Four Classical Elements: Development and Reinterpretation

The parallels we have uncovered between the four elements, the letters of the Tetragrammaton, and the worlds of Seder Hishtalshelut suggest that the ancient sages possessed profound insights into the nature of reality that continue to resonate with modern scientific discoveries. This convergence of ancient wisdom and contemporary understanding offers a path toward a more integrated worldview, where scientific and spiritual perspectives complement rather than contradict each other.

The Imperative of Purpose: Bridging Science, Philosophy, and Divine Wisdom

And G-d said to Abram, “Go forth from your native land and from your father’s house to the land that I will show you.” (Genesis 12:1) I.              Introduction Physics stands as the cornerstone of modern science, offering fundamental laws that govern matter and energy throughout the cosmos. Its equations describe the dance of subatomic particles and the orchestration of galactic systems with remarkable precision. However, a profound dichotomy exists in our universe: the distinction between inanimate and living matter. While physics masterfully explains the behavior of lifeless matter, it falls conspicuously silent when confronted with the defining characteristic of life itself—purposefulness. The reductionist assertion that biology can be fully explained through chemistry, and chemistry through physics, while technically true, obscures a fundamental gulf in our understanding. This gap lies not in the mechanical [...]

Sarah in a State of Superposition

And it came to pass, when he was come near to enter into Egypt, that he said unto Sarai his wife: “Behold now, I know that thou art a fair woman to look upon. And it will come to pass, when the Egyptians shall see thee, that they will say: This is his wife; and they will kill me, but thee they will keep alive. Say, I pray thee, thou art my sister; that it may be well with me for thy sake, and that my soul may live because of thee.” (Genesis 12:11-13) This passage presents a perplexing scenario. Abraham (then Abram) asks his wife Sarah (then Sarai) to present herself as his sister upon entering Egypt. Classical commentators and the Zohar grapple with Abraham's motives, questioning why he would place Sarah in such a [...]

Bereshit: The Binary Universe I

Abstract This essay explores the profound significance of the letter Bet (ב), the first letter of the Torah, and its numerical value of two as a fundamental hint at the binary nature of our universe. Through an analysis of Jewish mystical texts, philosophical works, and modern physics, we demonstrate how this duality manifests across multiple dimensions of existence. The paper examines the Creator-creation relationship, the nature of time, and paradoxes inherent in divine attributes, showing how these apparent dualities emerge from absolute divine unity. This synthesis of the Torah wisdom and contemporary science suggests that the binary structure implied by the letter Bet may be more than metaphorical, potentially representing a fundamental characteristic of reality itself. I.              Introduction The Torah begins with the letter Bet (ב), the second letter of the Hebrew alphabet, [...]

From Kishinev to Amsterdam: Law Enforcement’s Role in Enabling Anti-Jewish Violence

The Guardian, "Israeli football fans attacked after match in Amsterdam" (c) Yesterday, on November 7, 2024, just two days before the anniversary of Kristallnacht, a group of Israelis visiting Amsterdam for a football game were subjected to a series of violent attacks by pro-Palestinian assailants. Allow me to put this event in a historical context. Not to go into the ancient history of pogroms by Crusaders in the Middle Ages, or Bogdan Khmelnitsky pogrom in Ukraine and Poland in the seventeen century, the Kishinev pogrom, which erupted in the capital of Bessarabia province of the Russian Empire (now, Moldavia) during Passover of 1903, was one of the most notorious anti-Jewish riots in Russian history, triggered by the blood libel accusation spread through local antisemitic newspapers. During the Kishinev pogrom of April 6-7, 1903, [...]

By |2024-11-11T20:41:18-05:00November 8th, 2024|Uncategorized|0 Comments

And there was Evening and there was Morning: Quantum Mechanics in Genesis

This essay explores a novel parallel between quantum mechanical principles and the biblical creation narrative through etymological analysis of the Hebrew terms “erev” (evening) and “boker” (morning). The study reveals that these terms, which punctuate each day of creation in Genesis, carry meanings that remarkably align with fundamental quantum concepts. "Erev," rooted in the concept of "mixture," parallels quantum superposition, while "boker," stemming from differentiation and discernment, mirrors quantum measurement and wave function collapse.

Sukkah: the Portal into the Holy Land

Sukkah: the portal into the Holy Land Sitting with my wife in our sukkah-hut recently, I was struck by a memory from some four decades ago. During Chol HaMoed Sukkot, I visited my mentor and friend, Rabbi Benzion Feldman. I shared with him that, while sitting in our sukkah, my wife and I had discussed the possibility of making Aliyah to Israel. Rabbi Feldman smiled and said, “The reason you and your wife were thinking about Israel while sitting in your sukkah is that the air in the sukkah is the air of Eretz Yisrael.” Indeed, Eretz Yisrael is under constant divine watchfulness, as it says: A land which the Lord your G-d cares for; the eyes of the Lord your G-d are always upon it. (Deuteronomy 11:12) The sukkah also symbolizes G­‑d's protection [...]

By |2024-10-22T10:10:04-04:00October 21st, 2024|Holidays (Yomim Tovim), Sukkot, Uncategorized|1 Comment

Rosh HaShanah: The Beginning of Change II

Abstract This essay explores the profound connections between language, philosophy, physics, and spirituality in the context of Rosh HaShanah. By examining the linguistic roots of “shanah” (year), “shinui” (change), and “shnei” (two), the essay uncovers a rich tapestry of meaning that addresses the fundamental question: Why is there change rather than permanence? The study traces the metaphysical concept of change from ancient Greek philosophy through medieval Jewish thought to modern physics, highlighting the paradoxical relationship between the Infinite Creator and finite creation as expressed in Kabbalistic and Chassidic concepts of mati ve’lo mati and ratzo va’shov. The essay concludes by proposing a relational view of time and change, aligning Jewish mystical thought with contemporary physics, and presenting Rosh HaShanah as an opportunity for renewing and deepening our relationship with the Divine. Introduction In [...]

Rosh HaShanah—the Beginning of Change I

It’s All in the Name Rosh HaShanah is usually translated as the New Year. When translated literally, it means the “Head of the Year.” In this essay, I suggest an alternative (almost literal) translation that reveals a new meaning. The word "rosh" is cognate with "reishit," meaning “beginning.” The word "shanah" is cognate with "shinui," meaning “change.” Therefore, Rosh HaShanah can be translated as the Beginning of the Change. Aristotle equated time with change (Physics). Change itself is unthinkable outside of time as change can only occur in time—first, there was something, and then, it became something else. So, change and time are essentially synonymous. Thus, we can translate Rosh Hashanah as the Beginning of Time.  Moreover, what is the beginning? Any process extended in time has the beginning, the middle, and the end. However, what is the [...]

Why Are the Torah’s Mysteries Revealed in Fundamental Theories of Physics?

Look forth from Thy holy habitation, from heaven, and bless Thy people Israel, and the land which Thou hast given us, as Thou didst swear unto our fathers, a land flowing with milk and honey. (Deuteronomy 26:15) When I studied Quantum Mechanics at university, I was puzzled by its mysteries. Technically, it is not a complex theory. With elementary knowledge of linear algebra and some wave physics, one can get pretty far in studying Quantum Mechanics. However, the conceptual difficulties astound everyone who dares to grapple with this theory. It is unlike anything you have seen before. Electrons simultaneously spin clockwise and counterclockwise, particles are in two places at once, cats are both dead and alive, and entangled particles remain connected no matter how far apart. Studying quantum mechanics makes you feel like [...]

Bet HaMikdash as a Singularity in Space-time

Introduction In this essay, I intend to draw a parallel between the singularity in space-time, such as the putative point of origin of the universe in the Big Bang cosmology, on the one hand, and the Jerusalem Temple (Bet HaMikdash) as it existed on the terrestrial plane before its destruction and as it continues to exist on the celestial plane—in the four spiritual worlds of the Universe of Tikkun. Another unexpected parallel between the cosmological singularity and the Bet HaMikdash as the embodiment of ten sefirot (divine emanations) is that in cosmology and in Lurianic Kabbalah they both play the role of a  “wormhole”—a channel connecting different universes. As a brief introduction, Lurianic Kabbalah is a school of Jewish mysticism developed by Rabbi Isaac Luria (1534-1572), also known as the Holly Ari or [...]

Zealotry and Mercy: Parallels Between Pinchas and the War in Gaza

Zealotry and Mercy: Parallels Between Pinchas and the War in Gaza The biblical story of Phinehas (Heb. Pinḥas or Pinchas) presents a complex moral scenario in which an act of violence is divinely sanctioned as a means to restore order and peace. This narrative brings the ethics of conflict into sharp relief. The story of Pinḥas is found in Numbers 25:1-15. It takes place when the Israelites are encamped in Shittim, and some of them begin to engage in sexual immorality with Moabite women, as well as worshipping their gods. This angers G‑d, who sends a plague upon the Israelites. At the height of this crisis, an Israelite man named Zimri brings a Midianite woman named Cozbi into the camp, in full view of Moses and the whole assembly. Pinḥas, grandson of Aaron [...]

The Mystery of the Eighth Day

And on the eighth day, the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised. Leviticus 12:3 In the Torah portion of Tazria, we are commanded to circumcise a male child on the eighth day. In the previous Torah portion, Shemini, we read that the dedication of the Tabernacle (Mishkan) also took eight days, and only on the eighth day the Shechinah (“divine presence”) rested on it. What is the significance of the eighth day? Chasidic philosophy interprets the eighth day as the day after seven days. In numerous writings (ma’amarim) and talks (siḥot), the Rebbes of Chabad stated that seven days represent nature, whereas the eighth day is a day above nature.[1] The eighth day represents the supernatural. Why, you may ask, do the seven days represent nature? We are told that the number [...]

Breaking Symmetry to Inaugurate the Priests

The Torah portion Tzav describes a ritual performed by Moses in consecrating Aaron as the High Priest (Kohen Gadol) and his sons as priests (kohanim): And the other ram was presented, the ram of consecration, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands upon the head of the ram. And when it was slain, Moses took of the blood thereof, and put it upon the tip of Aaron’s right ear, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot. And Aaron’s sons were brought, and Moses put of the blood upon the tip of their right ear, and upon the thumb of their right hand, and upon the great toe of their right foot; and Moses dashed the blood against the altar round about. Leviticus [...]

Gazing at the Shekhinah

In his commentary on this week’s Torah Portion, Yitro, Rabbi Chayim Vital, writing in the name of his teacher, the Ari-zal, states that Abel was punished for gazing at the Shekhinah—the divine presence.[1] But what relevance does this have to the Torah portion retelling the greatest event in Jewish history (and, indeed, the history of human civilization)—the Sinaitic epiphany—the giving of the Torah? This is the Torah portion, where we read the Ten Commandments. What is the relevance of the sin of Abel to the Ten Commandments? More generally, what is Abel’s connection to this Torah portion? That is easy to understand. The Torah portion Yitro starts with the story of Jethro (Yitro), Moses’s father-in-law, coming to Moses in the Sinai desert with his daughter—the wife of Moses—and her two children. Rabbi Chayim [...]

Time and Space as Emergent Phenomena — Abstract

The current Torah portion Beshalach tells about the splitting of the Sea of Reeds. As I discussed in my essay, “Collapse and Revelation,” the splitting of the sea is a metaphor for the collapse of the wave function in quantum mechanics. The Alter Rebbe, the Baal HaTanya, taught us to leiben min hatzait (“to live with the time,” that is, to leave with the current reading of the Torah). Maybe this is why, this week, when we read in the Torah portion Beshalach about the splitting of the sea, I finally understood where time comes from. This question haunted me for more than forty years. Finally, this week, I got it—time emerges through the interaction of consciousness with the universal wave function, causing the sequence of wave function collapses that we perceive as [...]

On Freedom of Choice, Divine Providence, and the Hard Problem of Philosophy

The story of Joseph and his brothers, described in the Torah portion of Vayeshev, presents many problems. Classical biblical commentators interpret the conflict between Joseph and his brothers in diametrically opposite ways. Some commentators interpret it literally—the brothers were guilty of conspiring to kill Joseph and, ultimately, selling him into slavery, for which they were held accountable.[1] In fact, the brothers admit their guilt: And they said one to another: ‘We are verily guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the distress of his soul, when he besought us, and we would not hear. . . . Genesis 42:21 Others take the view that these events were predetermined by G‑d. Indeed, in the Covenant Between the Parts, G‑d reveals to Abraham that his descendants will be strangers in a foreign land. Furthermore, [...]

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