Leviticus

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Shemini,Phase Space,Hamiltonian Mechanics: Kabbalah and Physics of Seven and Eight

Abstract The Torah portion of Shemini records the climactic eighth day of the Tabernacle’s dedication, the moment when divine fire finally descends. Classical commentators see in the contrast between the first seven days and the eighth the difference between the natural and the supra‑natural. This essay revisits that symbolism from the standpoint of contemporary physics. First, it reassesses the traditional link between seven and the “natural order.” Second, it proposes that the six spatial–momentum coordinates of classical phase space, together with time, provide a more precise physical analogue for the seven midot than the usual six directions of space plus a temporal axis. Finally, it explores an unexpected resonance between the Hamiltonian action integral and the Tetragrammaton, suggesting that the principle of stationary action mirrors the scriptural affirmation, “For I Y‑H‑W‑H do not change.” In [...]

Upsherenish: A Defining Moment in a Boy’s Life

This essay is dedicated to the Upsherenish of our dear grandson, Tzemach Asher Noam, Sheyiḥiyeh, which took place today in Houston. May he grow to Torah, Chupah, and Ma’asim Tovim (good deeds)! Introduction Upsherenish is the ancient Jewish custom of giving a boy his first haircut on his third birthday, celebrating his transition from being a toddler to childhood and the beginning of active Jewish education. The Yiddish word “upsherenish” literally means a “haircut.”[1] After the third birthday, a boy is taught alef-bet, trained to wear a kipa, a tallit katan (tzitzit), to recite morning blessings and the bedtime prayer of kri’at sh’ma al ha-mita (Hear O’ Israel...). Albeit not codified in the Talmud or the standard halachic works, upsherenish is preserved through a minhag (“custom”) in various communities—predominantly Ḥassidic and Sephardic communities—and [...]

The Fifth Force

Now, therefore, write ye this song for you, and teach thou it the children of Israel.” (Deut. 31:19) The four known fundamental forces are: gravitational force, electromagnetic force, strong (nuclear) force, and the weak force (beta decay). Newton first described the gravitational force in his famous universal law of gravity. Today, we use Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity to describe gravitation fields. Electromagnetism was described in the 19 c. by Faraday and Maxwell. Strong and week forces were discovered much later, in the second half of the 20 c. Since Albert Einstein started a search for unified field theory, unsuccessfully trying to unify (describe by a single theory) gravity and electromagnetism, the quest for a unified field theory – the “Theory of Everything” – became the holy grail of theoretical physics. Strong and [...]

Leprous Cats and Angry Birds

In the Torah portion Tazriah (Leviticus 13), the Schrödinger cat[1] gets leprosy. Well, it’s not really leprosy, it’s a mysterious supernatural disease called tzara’as, nowadays translated as psoriasis. And it’s not a cat, but a Jew who gets afflicted by tzara’as. In fact, cats, other animals, and even gentiles (i.e., non-Jewish humans) are immune to this spiritual malady. So why do I call a poor Jew afflicted with tzara’as a “Schrödinger cat”? Because he sure acts like one. Indeed, had I not studied quantum mechanics and had I not learned about the collapse of the wave function[2] back at the university, I would have surely discovered it by reading this Torah portion (parshah)! A Jewish person with a skin lesion or boldness (present company excluded) is brought to a priest (kohen), who examines it [...]

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